The superradiant yield for head-on scattering as function of electron beam energy. In geometrized units we ha. superradiant scattering st Fig. This makes the process resonant, which gives full control over the number of atoms in the different recoil modes. Download to read the full article text References. The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information Superradiant pump-probe spectroscopy was also developed to measure the atomic correlation . In this paper we show that for frequencies scaled to the superradiant bound the full functional dependence on (w,m,M, J . bonds under pulsed excitation shorter than the phonon decay . In the experiment a thermal beam is slowed by a Zeeman slower and captured in a dark-spot magneto-optical trap (MOT). We expect our experimental findings to be relevant to . The CARL-effect is closely linked to superradiant Rayleigh scattering, which has been intensely studied with Bose-Einstein condensates in free space. A semiclassical theory of superradiant scattering from Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute gas without the mean- field approximation is proposed. . This superradiant-like scaling can be observed for weaker incident intensity if the temperature is reduced, making experimental observation easier. In case A, Δ was -420 MHz and τ was 6 μs. In a recent MIT experiment, a new form of superradiant Rayleigh scattering was observed in Bose-Einstein condensates. Wang Z, Niu L, Zhang P, Wen M, Fang Z, Chen X, Zhou X. Opt Express, 21(12):14377-14387, 01 Jun 2013 Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 23787626 Superradiant scattering from BEC with the incident light applied along the long axis has been investigated. 1.3: Schematic representation of the superradiant scattering. By absorption of a photon from the laser beam and emission in the end re mode an atom is scattered forward. We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with far off resonant laser light. Explanation for the asymmetric X-shape + = Pump beam Scattered light (endfire modes) Optical grating Kapitza-Dirac Diffraction of the matter wave . This enables us to observe cavity-enhanced superradiance with both Bose-Einstein . Absorption images of the atomic density distribution were taken after 30 ms of ballistic expansion. Here, an electron bunch with σ ⊥ = 5 μm and N b = 10 4 microbunches scatters λ X = 1.24 nm (U ph = 1 keV) photons from a pulse of N ϕ = 10 3. We propose a setup to generate giant Kerr nonlinearity and polaritonic solitons via matter-wave superradiant scattering. Exposing an elongated condensate to a single off-resonant laser beam resulted in the observation of highly directional scattering of light and atoms. In our experiment the energy in the process is conserved by using a pulse with two frequencies. Firstly, we will show that superradiant scattering persists beyond the analogy with gravity and curved spacetime deep into the dispersive regime. When an incident wave scatters off of an obstacle, it is partially reflected and partially transmitted. We describe the setup to create a large Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) containing more than 120 million atoms. In weak-pulse regime the obvious asymmetrical spatial distribution has been observed. While initially envisioned in terms of the scattering of an incident wave directed perpendicular to an object's rotation axis, we demonstrate in the context of acoustomechanics that superradiant amplification can also occur with a vortex beam directed parallel to the rotation axis. Due to superradiant Rayleigh scattering a. We found that superradiant gain is independent of quantum degeneracy and determined only by the shape of the atomic cloud and a contained number of atoms. and Teukolsky, S.A. (1972) Floating Orbits, Superradiant Scattering and the Black-Hole Bomb. Photon scattering imparts a . Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. On the frequency side, this corresponds to the novel statement that the . Details of the process can be found in an outstanding work by Press and Teukolsky (ApJ193, 443 (1974)), but extensive tables and routines to compute them are lacking. scattering angle appears larger than 450 because of the angle of observation. We find that very small variation of the atomic density distribution would induce remarkable . We analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of superradiance. There were afterwards other experiments that observed superradiant scattering off a dilute BEC [18-24]. While initially envisioned in terms of the scattering of an incident wave directed perpendicular to an object's rotation axis, we demonstrate in the context of acousto-mechanics that superradiant amplification can also occur with a vortex beam directed parallel to the rotation axis. Superradiant scattering by a black hole binary. The field of view of each absorption image is 1.9×1.4mm. It is respon-sible for the index of refraction of gases, the blue sky, and resonance fluorescence. Superradiant scattering of orbital angular momentum beams: We consider the wave-structure coupling between an orbital angular momentum beam and a rapidly rotati. In theory, it's an almost limitless source of energy.". A semiclassical theory of superradiant scattering from Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute gas without the mean- field approximation is proposed. even if the black hole is the bomb. We propose two different experimental routes: one must either . All images use the same color scale except for (D), which enhances the small signal of Rayleigh scattered atoms in (C). We consider a very general potential and derive the necessary and sufficient condition to invoke superradiant wave scattering. In this case cavity induced back-scattering can only couple a small number of selected momentum states. An essential feature of superradiant scattering from a BEC is the formation of coherent atomic waves, a phenomenon that was tentatively interpreted as the realization of a 'one-atom laser' . . The system we consider is a long cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), pumped by a red-detuned laser field with a space-dependent intensity distribution in transverse directions. Rayleigh scattering, the scattering of a pho-ton off an atom, is the most elementary pro-cess involving atoms and light. The pump and The incident angles are (a) θ=34°and (b) θ=60°. In theory, if the obstacle is rotating, waves can be amplified in the process, extracting. The grey box corresponds to laser wavelengths in the visible regime (400-1000 nm). Provided that all electrons have identical initial velocities, which we will refer to as the cold beam approximation, and assuming we can neglect Coulombic interactions, the bunching factor is written as: We study superradiant scattering off Bose-Einstein condensates by solving the semiclassical Maxwell-Schroedinger equations describing the coupled dynamics of. Consequently, for head-on scattering from a visible laser, the superradiant yield is limited by the transverse size of typical electron bunches driving Compton sources. In this paper, we report for the first time that for a minimally coupled scalar field, the absorption cross-section of a Schwarzschild black hole in its ring down phase can be superradiant. Starting with a wave equation we examine the possibility of superradiance in terms of an effective potential and boundary conditions. Superradiant pump-probe spectroscopy was also developed to measure the atomic correlation function, revealing the Doppler-width-limited . The boundedness of the scattering matrix shows in particular that the maximal amplification of solutions associated to ingoing finite-energy wave packets on past null infinity I-is bounded. In our set-up, the wave scattering process is described by a second order differential equation and an effective potential determined by the interaction between the incident wave and the scattering obstacle. In superradiant scattering, a fraction of the incoming mass falls into the black hole, causing the black hole to transfer some of its angular momentum to the remaining mass. We observed that waves propagating on the surface of water can be amplified after being scattered by a draining vortex. Solutions of the system of Maxwell-Schrödinger equations describing this effect as well as the coherent reflection of light and the backward amplification of matter waves are obtained. We present a detailed theory of this phenomenon in which condensate depletion leads to mode competition, which, together with the directional dependence of the scattering rate, is ultimately responsible for the observed phenomena. In our set-up, the wave scattering process is described by a second order differential equation and an effective potential determined by the interaction between the incident wave and the scattering obstacle. We study superradiant scattering off Bose-Einstein condensates by solving the semiclassical Maxwell-Schroedinger equations describing the coupled dynamics of matter-wave and optical fields. Superradiant Rayteigh Scattering from a Bose-Einstein Condensate S. Inouye,* A. P. Chikkatur, D. M. Stamper-Kurn, J. Stenger, . . The theory of superradiant scattering of light from a Bose-Einstein condensate of a dilute atomic gas, which was earlier proposed by one of the authors, is used to study the spectral-kinetic characteristics of scattered radiation and the evolution of populations of coherent atomic states. Superradiant light scattering from noncondensed, thermal atomic vapors was experimentally studied. Superradiant scattering of a laser beam (arrow) from a Bose-Einstein condensate in the short-pulse ( A) and long-pulse ( B) limit. Generalised superradiant scattering Mauricio Richartz∗ , Silke Weinfurtner∗† , A. J. Penner∗, and W. G. Unruh∗ ∗ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, B.C. By varying the ratio of the forcing amplitude to that of the self-sustained oscillation in the cavity, the scattering matrix is tuned to an enhanced, superradiant state. In our set-up, the wave scattering process is described by a s econd order differen- tial equation and an effective potential determined by the interaction between the. V6T 1Z1 Canada and † Astrophysics Sector, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Beirut 2-4, 34014 . superradiant scattering theory [2]: (1) spontaneous and subsequent stimulated Rayleigh scattering along the high gain (the long axis of the condensate) direction, (2) scat-tered atoms interfere with the local condensate and form a matter-wave grating that further enhances stimulated Rayleigh scattering, and (3) matter-wave amplification. (a) and (b) Absorption images after 30 ms time of flight. We propose two different experimental routes: one must either . We further show a unidirectional suppression of optical superradiant scattering, and explain why matter-wave superradiance can occur only when the pump laser is red detuned. However, by simultaneously increasing the electron beam energy and introducing an oblique scattering geometry, the superradiant yield can be increased by orders of magnitude. The superradiant contribution to the scattered radiation is governed by bunching factor b ( k ). It is respon-sible for the index of refraction of gases, the blue sky, and resonance fluorescence. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. One interesting phenomenon is the superradiant scattering of black holes , , , , , e.g., when a charged bosonic wave is impinging upon a charged rotating black hole, the wave is amplified by the black hole if the wave frequency ω obeys (1) ω < m Ω H + e Φ, where e and m are the charge and azimuthal number of the bosonic wave mode, Ω H is . I present evidence of a novel guise of superradiance that arises in black hole binary spacetimes. A generalization of the semiclassical model of superradiant scattering of light from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases is proposed. This process, which extracts energy from the orbital motion, is driven by absorption across the horizons and . We propose two different experimental routes: one must either . The superradiant Rayleigh scattering using a pump laser incident along the short axis of a Bose-Einstein condensate with a density distortion is studied, where the distortion is formed by shocking the condensate utilizing the residual magnetic force after the switching-off of the trapping potential. Rotational superradiant scattering in a vortex flow Theo Torres1, Sam Patrick1, Antonin Coutant1, Maur´ıcio Richartz 2, Edmund W. Tedford3 & Silke Weinfurtner1;4;5 1School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK 2CMCC - Centro de Matem´atica, Computac¸ ˜ao e Cognic¸ ao, Universidade Federal do ABC˜ In this article, we study the most elementary atom-cavity con guration, providing a maximum of control: a BEC interacting with a single longitudinal . Am. Skip to main content. I present evidence of a novel guise of superradiance that arises in black hole binary spacetimes. Recent Work on Kerr Stability and Superradiant Wave Scattering - Volume 64. These results generalize the temporal coupled-mode theory of [Fan et al., J. Opt. The maximum amplification measured was 14% ± 8%, obtained for 3.70 Hz waves, in a 6.25-cm-deep fluid, consistent with the superradiant scattering caused by rapid rotation. . The pulse durations were 25 (B), 100 (C and D), 35 (E), 75 (F), and 100 (G) μs. to the kinetic energy transferred to a resting atom by back-scattering of a single photon. A number of effects connected with the backward recoil of atoms in this scattering are explained. Asymmetric superradiant scattering and abnormal mode amplification induced by atomic density distortion. Nature, 238, 211-212. Confusion crosses her face. Rayleigh scattering off a Bose-Einstein condensate was studied. only ingoing group velocity waves at an event horizon . We consider a very general potential and derive the necessary and sufficient condition to invoke superradiant wave scattering. In particular, we show that the existence of an ergoregion is not sufficient; an appropriate boundary condition, e.g. If the wavelength of the light is much greater than the separation of the emitters, then the emitters interact with the light in a collective and coherent fashion. Our main purpose is to reveal the black hole superradiance of electromagnetic waves emitted from the disk surface. Solutions of the system of Maxwell-Schrödinger equations describing this effect as well as the coherent reflection of light and the backward amplification of matter waves are obtained. This process can be divided into absorption of a photon and subsequent spontaneous emis-sion. (Yes, black holes spin. By adding a resonator the coherence time of the system, in which the instability occurs, can be strongly enhanced. Superradiant scattering by rotating stars has also recently been studied [11-13]. Asymmetry of the X-shaped pattern. Answer (1 of 2): You can't blow up a black hole with a bomb. In case B, Δ was -4400 MHz and τ was 800 μs. Diverse as these systems are, they can all be distilled down to the same two essential ingredients: a reservoir of energy that can be extracted and a channel for dissipation [14]. . While initially envisioned in terms of the scattering of an incident wave directed perpendicular to an object's rotation axis, we demonstrate in the context of acousto-mechanics that superradiant amplification can also occur with a vortex beam directed parallel to the rotation axis. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH3, 023242 (2021) Superradiant scattering of orbital angular momentum beams Cisco Gooding ,1,2 Silke Weinfurtner,1 ,3 and William G. Unruh2 4 1School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada 3Centre for the Mathematics and . As one application of super-radiant scattering, Misner has suggested the possible existence of "floating orbits", that is, orbits in which a particle radiatively extracts energy from the hole at. 1 In gravitational lensing, all geodesics in spacetime bend close to a mass, so that light's "straight" path through space curves. experiments to observe superradiance in photon fluids and how our time . Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Superradiant light scattering from noncondensed, thermal atomic vapors was experimentally studied. Using the language of Noether currents we demonstrate the occurrence of a resonant amplification phenomenon, which reduces to the standard superradiance in the hydrodynamic limit. . Given the right initial conditions, a wave will be amplified as it scatters off the binary. For perpendicular polarization, directional superradiant scattering of atoms was observed (E to G) and evolved to repeated scattering for longer laser pulses (F and G). S. Inouye, A. P . We present experimental evidence supporting the postulation that the secondary effects of light assisted collisions are the main reason that the superradiant li Impact of photo-assisted collisions on superradiant light scattering with Bose-condensates | NIST in the cavity, the scattering matrix is tuned to an enhanced, superradiant state. The outgoing Kerr-Schild field is used to describe the disk emission, and the superradiant scattering is represented by a vacuum wave field which is added to satisfy the ingoing condition on the horizon. A phenomenological theory of nonlinear mode-coupling is proposed in which the scattering problem is solved analytically using the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. The upper bound for energy extraction from a black hole can be found from the Christodoulou-Ruffini mass to find the irreducible mass, \mathcal{M}_{irr}, of a black hole. The system we consider is a long cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), pumped by a red-detuned laser field with a space-dependent intensity distribution in transverse directions. The pump and the scattered fields . 1999 Jul 23;285(5427):571-4. doi: 10.1126/science.285 . We study superradiant scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate using a pump laser incident at variable angle and show the presence of asymmetrically populated scattering modes. "Kaidan, what—". Which depict putting mirrors around a black hole in a dyson sphere type of configuration and shining light into it to harness its energy through superradiant scattering. Soc. By varying the ratio of the forcing amplitude to that of the self-sustained oscillation in the cavity, the scattering matrix is tuned to an enhanced, superradiant state. Waves scattered at a resonant cavity are amplified through nonlinear coupling with a self-oscillating mode. phenomenum of superradiance. Superradiant amplification of massless waves scattering off Kerr black holes is an important phenomena in curved spacetime. Photon scattering imparts a . All SPIE . We further show a unidirectional suppression of optical superradiant scattering, and explain why matter-wave superradiance can occur only when the pump laser is red detuned. While initially envisioned in terms of the scattering of an incident wave directed perpendicular to an object's rotation axis, we demonstrate in the context of acoustomechanics that superradiant amplification can also occur with a vortex beam directed parallel to the rotation axis. The main mechanism is stimulated Raman scattering in two-level atoms, which occurs in a superradiant way. Superradiant Rayleigh scattering in the short (strong) pulse regime 30 ms TOF 1 µs-10 µs. Rayleigh scattering, the scattering of a pho-ton off an atom, is the most elementary pro-cess involving atoms and light. A phenomenological theory of nonlinear mode-coupling is proposed in which the scattering problem is solved analytically using the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. With these in mind, it is natural to expect that a black We found that superradiant gain is independent of quantum degeneracy and determined only by the shape of the atomic cloud and a contained number of atoms. Pulsed Raman scattering reveals superlinear Stokes emission above a threshold, arising from the stimulated vibrational pumping of mol. The BEC is illu-minated with a laser beam which is large compared to the size of the BEC. Our present result opens up an intriguing possibility of observing the black hole . We propose a setup to generate giant Kerr nonlinearity and polaritonic solitons via matter-wave superradiant scattering. "Superradiant scattering," he explains. We investigate the scattering process of Bogoliubov excitations on a rotating photon fluid. Given the right initial conditions, a wave will be amplified as it scatters off the binary. Superradiant rayleigh scattering from a bose-einstein condensate Science. Superradiant scattering with a long and high-power pump beam (T=200 μs, I=40 mW/cm2) incident at different angles. Press, W.H. The superradiant scattering of a scalar field with frequency and angular momentum (w,m) by a near-extreme Kerr black hole with mass and spin (M, J) was derived in the seventies by Starobinsky, Churilov, Press and Teukolsky. The field of view of each image is 2.8 mm by 3.3 mm. This is the first analytical theory on field propagation in matter-wave superradiance that can explain all matter-wave superradiance experiments to date that used a single . Superradiance has been studied quite extensively in the context of static (charged) and rotating black hole spacetime. The latter allows us to give a time-domain theory of superradiant reflection.
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